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Compare West Bank (2004) - Uzbekistan (2001)

Compare West Bank (2004) z Uzbekistan (2001)

 West Bank (2004)Uzbekistan (2001)
 West BankUzbekistan
Administrative divisions - 12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahri); Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch), Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston), Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati

note:
administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years: 43.8% (male 518,470; female 493,531)


15-64 years: 52.8% (male 623,785; female 595,376)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 34,226; female 45,816) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
36.32% (male 4,646,341; female 4,489,265)

15-64 years:
59.06% (male 7,351,908; female 7,504,626)

65 years and over:
4.62% (male 466,029; female 696,895) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products olives, citrus, vegetables; beef, dairy products cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock
Airports 3 (2003 est.) 267 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
10

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
257

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
11

914 to 1,523 m:
13

under 914 m:
222
Area total: 5,860 sq km


land: 5,640 sq km


water: 220 sq km


note: includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967
total:
447,400 sq km

land:
425,400 sq km

water:
22,000 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware slightly larger than California
Background The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (the DOP), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provided for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes the Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of the interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho took place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement, the Israel-PLO 15 January 1997 Protocol Concerning Redeployment in Hebron, the Israel-PLO 23 October 1998 Wye River Memorandum, and the 4 September 1999 Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external and internal security and for public order of settlements and Israeli citizens. Direct negotiations to determine the permanent status of Gaza and West Bank that began in September 1999 after a three-year hiatus, were derailed by a second intifadah that broke out in September 2000. The resulting widespread violence in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel's military response, and instability within the Palestinian Authority continue to undermine progress toward a permanent agreement. Following the death of longtime Palestinian leader Yasir ARAFAT in November 2004, the election of his successor Mahmud ABBAS in January 2005 could bring a turning point in the conflict. Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1925. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include insurgency by Islamic militants based in Tajikistan and Afghanistan, a non-convertible currency, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization.
Birth rate 33.21 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 26.1 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $676.6 million


expenditures: $1.155 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (includes Gaza Strip) (2003 est.)
revenues:
$4 billion

expenditures:
$4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital - Tashkent (Toshkent)
Climate temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km; note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Constitution - new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: West Bank
conventional long form:
Republic of Uzbekistan

conventional short form:
Uzbekistan

local long form:
Uzbekiston Respublikasi

local short form:
none

former:
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD) Uzbekistani sum (UZS)
Death rate 4.07 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 8 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.) $3.3 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador John Edward HERBST

embassy:
82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent 700115

mailing address:
use embassy street address; US Embassy Tashkent, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7110

telephone:
[998] (71) 120-5444

FAX:
[998] (71) 120-6335
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Shavkat HAMRAKULOV

chancery:
1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 887-5300

FAX:
[1] (202) 293-6804

consulate(s) general:
New York
Disputes - international West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation occasional target of Islamic insurgents based in Tajikistan and Afghanistan
Economic aid - recipient $2 billion (includes Gaza Strip) (2001-02 est.) $276.6 million (1995)
Economy - overview Real per capita GDP for the West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) declined by about one-third between 1992 and 1996 due to the combined effect of falling aggregate incomes and rapid population growth. The downturn in economic activity was largely the result of Israeli closure policies - the imposition of border closures in response to security incidents in Israel - which disrupted labor and commodity market relationships between Israel and the WBGS. The most serious social effect of this downturn was rising unemployment, which in the WBGS during the 1980s was generally under 5%; by 1995 it had risen to over 20%. Israel's use of comprehensive closures during the next three years decreased and, in 1998, Israel implemented new policies to reduce the impact of closures and other security procedures on the movement of Palestinian goods and labor. These changes fueled an almost three-year-long economic recovery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; real GDP grew by 5% in 1998 and 6% in 1999. Recovery was upended in the last quarter of 2000 with the outbreak of violence, which triggered tight Israeli closures of Palestinian self-rule areas and severely disrupted trade and labor movements. In 2001, and even more severely in 2002, Israeli military measures in Palestinian Authority areas resulted in the destruction of much capital plant and administrative structure, widespread business closures, and a sharp drop in GDP. Including Gaza Strip, the UN estimates that more than 100,000 Palestinians out of the 125,000 who used to work in Israel, in Israeli settlements, or in joint industrial zones have lost their jobs. In addition, about 80,000 Palestinian workers inside the Territories are losing their jobs. International aid of $2 billion in 2001-02 to the West Bank and Gaza Strip prevented the complete collapse of the economy. In 2004, on-going border issues and the death of Yasser ARAFAT continued to complicate the economic situation. Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60% of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is now the world's third largest cotton exporter, a large producer of gold and oil, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence in December 1991, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Faced with high rates of inflation, however, the government began to reform in mid-1994, by introducing tighter monetary policies, expanding privatization, slightly reducing the role of the state in the economy, and improving the environment for foreign investors. The state continues to be a dominating influence in the economy and has so far failed to bring about much-needed structural changes. The IMF suspended Uzbekistan's $185 million standby arrangement in late 1996 because of governmental steps that made impossible fulfillment of Fund conditions. Uzbekistan has responded to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial crises by tightening export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. Economic policies that have repelled foreign investment are a major factor in the economy's stagnation. A growing debt burden, persistent inflation, and a poor business climate led to stagnant growth in 2000, with little improvement predicted for 2001.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 43.455 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 3.92 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports NA kWh 7.5 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants 42.876 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
86.4%

hydro:
13.6%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m


highest point: Tall Asur 1,022 m
lowest point:
Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m

highest point:
Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Environment - current issues adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17% Uzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak 2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
Exchange rates new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.5541 (2003), 4.7378 (2002), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999); Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996) Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 325.0 (January 2001), 141.4 (January 2000), 111.9 (February 1999), 110.95 (December 1998), 75.8 (September 1997), 41.1 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet)

head of government:
Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV (since 21 December 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held NA January 2005); note - extension of President KARIMOV's original term for an additional five years overwhelmingly approved - 99.6% of total vote in favor - by national referendum held 27 March 1995; prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president

election results:
Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz DZHALALOV 4.2%
Exports $603 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles
Exports - partners Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000) Russia 13%, Switzerland 10%, UK 10%, Belgium 3%, Kazakhstan 4%, Tajikistan 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year (since 1 January 1992) calendar year
Flag description - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $60 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9%


industry: 28%


services: 63%


note: includes Gaza Strip (1999 est.)
agriculture:
28%

industry:
21%

services:
51% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $800 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -22% (2002 est.) 2.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 32 00 N, 35 15 E 41 00 N, 64 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 244 West Bank settlements and 29 East Jerusalem settlements in addition to at least 20 occupied outposts(August 2003 est.) along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Highways total: 4,500 km


paved: 2,700 km


unpaved: 1,800 km


note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.)
total:
81,600 km

paved:
71,237 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
10,363 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
3.1%

highest 10%:
25.2% (1993)
Illicit drugs - limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and very small amounts of opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption, almost entirely eradicated by an effective government eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Afghanistan to Russia and Western Europe and for acetic anhydride destined for Afghanistan
Imports $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, consumer goods, construction materials machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; foodstuffs
Imports - partners Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000) Russia 14%, South Korea 14%, Germany 11%, US 8%, Turkey 4%, Kazakhstan 4% (1999)
Independence - 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate NA 6.4% (2000 est.)
Industries generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, chemicals
Infant mortality rate total: 20.16 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 22.28 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 17.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
71.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.) 40% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 42 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 40,000 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Labor force NA 11.9 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 13%, industry 21%, services 66% (1996) agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995)
Land boundaries total: 404 km


border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
total:
6,221 km

border countries:
Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Land use arable land: 16.9%


permanent crops: 18.97%


other: 64.13% (2001)
arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
46%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
41% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many Palestinians), English (widely understood) Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Legal system - evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system
Legislative branch - unicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis (250 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 5 December and 19 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NDP 48, Self-Sacrificers Party 34, Fatherland Progress Party 20, Adolat Social Democratic Party 11, MTP 10, citizens' groups 16, local government 110, vacant 1

note:
not all seats in the last Supreme Assembly election were contested; all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.88 years


male: 71.14 years


female: 74.72 years (2004 est.)
total population:
63.81 years

male:
60.24 years

female:
67.56 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
99%

female:
99% (yearend 1996)
Location Middle East, west of Jordan Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Map references Middle East Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (doubly landlocked)
Military branches - Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $200 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 2% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
6,550,587 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
5,318,418 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
274,602 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Nationality noun: NA


adjective: NA
noun:
Uzbekistani(s)

adjective:
Uzbekistani
Natural hazards droughts NA
Natural resources arable land natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Net migration rate 2.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -2.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders - Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Anwar JURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; Fatherland Progress Party [Anwar Z. YOLDASHEV]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Abdulkhafiz JALOLOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Birlik (Unity) Movement [Abdurakhim PULAT, chairman]; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party [Muhammad SOLIH, chairman] was banned 9 December 1992; Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Abdumanob PULAT, chairman]; Independent Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan [Mikhail ARDZINOV, chairman]
Population 2,311,204


note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.)
25,155,064 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (2003 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 3.21% (2004 est.) 1.6% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Termiz (Amu Darya river)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0


note: the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts from an AM station in Ramallah on 675 kHz; numerous local, private stations are reported to be in operation (2000)
AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 10 (1998)
Radios - 10.8 million (1997)
Railways - total:
3,380 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
3,380 km 1.520-m gauge (300 km electrified) (1993)
Religions Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8% Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.67 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: NA


note: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for communication services in the West Bank
general assessment:
antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization

domestic:
the domestic telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved, particularly in Tashkent and Samarqand, under contracts with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by 1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

international:
linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite earth stations - NA (1998)
Telephones - main lines in use 301,600 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2002) 1.98 million (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 480,000 (cellular subscribers in both West Bank and Gaza Strip) (2003) 26,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations NA 4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tadzhik programs) (1997)
Terrain mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Sirdaryo (Syr Darya), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Total fertility rate 4.52 children born/woman (2004 est.) 3.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (includes Gaza Strip) (2002 est.) 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.)
Waterways - 1,100 km (1990)
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